Few months ago topic on the origin names for Western and Eastern Galicia
was
the subject of the discussions.
I have been digging a bit longer into the various sources and I'd like
to
share with you additional information.
Term Western and Eastern Galicia surfaces twice in the Austrian
historiography at the end of 18th century and again in the second part
of
19th century.
During the last (third) partition of Poland in 1795, in addition to
the
exsting already Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (carved from Poland
at the
time of first partition in 1772), Austria has acquired new Polish
territories located between Wisla, Pilica and Bug Rivers.
(BTW, Austria did not participate in carving Poland's lands during the
second partition of 1793)
This new Austrian territory became known as Western or New Galicia.
This "original" Western Galicia land was lost by Austria during the
Napoleonic wars (1809-1815).
Post - Napoleonic 1815 Congress Vienna has established final borders
of the
three Empires winners which have lasted for 100 years the end of WWI.
(This is where from names such as "Polish Congress" also known
as
"Kongresowka" or Russian Poland or Russian Polish Provinces have originated)
The second time when Western and Eastern Galicia names appear in the
history, relates to the Ukrainian national movement following 1848
revolution.
The origin of the popular conception dates to the period of 1848-1867.
During 1848 revolution, the organization known as the Supreme Ruthenian
Council (Holovna ruska rada in Ukrainian) demanded partition of post
-
Napoleonic Galicia into Ukrainian East and Polish Western part.
The central administration in Vienna responded favorably to the Ukrainian
demand, and Galicia was administratively divided by a decision of the
Ministry of Interior dated November 25, 1848. The Division went into
effect
after promulgation by the governor of Galicia on January 12,
1849. The
Division was confirmed by a second decision of the Ministry of the
Interior
dated January 24, 1854 and briefly suspended from April 22, 1854 until
December 19,1860 and was finally liquidated in 1867.
1867 was a crucial year in Austrian history - this is when "Compromise"
with
Hungary has been reached, and monarchy has adopted the dual name of
the
Austro-Hungarian Empire, it has granted Hungary wide autonomy and recognized
Hungarian as the official language of the Empire. Polish administrators
of
Galicia have received limited autonomic privileges over Galicia affairs,
and
Polish became the official language of Galicia.
Thus ambitions of the Ukrainians have been not recognized in 1867, official
division between Western and Eastern Galicia have been liquidated and
Ukrainian - Polish relations in Galicia became increasingly bitter.
Alexander Sharon
Calgary, Ab |